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CHAPTER 3
SURVEY AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
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3.0 SURVEY AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter describes the design of the questionnaires and surveys carried out amongst ISO9000 certificated companies in Hong Kong. Originally, there is a complicated survey form with many questions placed in the World Wide Web as the web site for searching. After a pilot test, the questionnaires were split into two parts in order to make it more simple and direct. The first part is for some general questions about the quality system and the rough planning on computer system of the companies. The second part is the in-depth questions about the status of computerization , the software application , the future plan and the feedback for the software providers, etc. The communication channel is changed from the reactive WWW page to the pro-active email format. Methodologies of the surveys will be explained in the next section . Copies of the questionnaires for both web page format and email format are attached in Appendix C. Questions within questionnaires will be explained in relation of the context of this study. The objectives of this study has been outlined in Chapter 1.
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3.1 RESEARCH METHDOOLOGY
3.1.1 Scope and sampling
Total 224 companies certified to ISO9001 /2 were sent a survey through internet email from Nov-97 to Jun-98 . Companies were chosen at the condition that they have email address being listed in the directory of ISO9000 certified companies in Hong Kong (1998) printed by the Hong Kong trade development council.
The distribution of sample size among 224 target companies is as follows:-
ISO9001 108 ( 48.2% )
ISO9002 116 ( 51.8% )
ISO9001 & 2 8 ( 3.5% )
Although this sample size was not a significant one, it was still reflected the actual practices from different industries (see section 3.2.1 for details) . Based on the internet email channel existing, the feedback rate of the survey was expected higher.
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3.1.2 Survey method and intent
For the first stage , the first set of questionnaire was designed as the web page to be located in the following web sites for collecting the feedback :-
This survey form is not necessarily supported by all browsers , but certainly supported by all recent versions of Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer. The request letters for this survey were issued to the target companies through the internet email (see Appendix B) accordingly.
There is a trial run for the draft survey around 2 months to collect the feedback and comment for the content and format of the survey before wide-scale distribution to make sure that this survey is easy to understand and provides appropriate data. This survey form was kept to be revised as running change to make it better and accuracy.
However, the response rate was too low due to the re-active nature of WWW . Therefore, the second stage for the collecting data was more pro-active through internet email directly to inform and collect the target companies response instead of placing the questionnaires in web site only. When through email , the target respondents were focused on the director , Quality manager and IT manager mainly because the questions being asked in the questionnaire required rather detailed knowledge about the company
's policy and their computer based management system with quality issues.There was improved for the response rate but still not satisfactory. Thus, the further improvement on the format and content of questions in the questionnaire was adopted in the third stage. The content in email was split into two parts with the simplified and re-structured questions to present them in concise and specific way. The communication channel was expanded from WWW and company email to telephone , fax, personal email and interview (when necessary) too.
After finished the first email for the questions about the general background of the company (Question D1, D2 ), the computerized status (Question A1-A3 ), the computerization policy (B1, B2, C1) , the second email will be issued for follow-up with in-depth questions about their computer system for current stage and in their future plan , their comment on the software provider, etc.
All questions were designed to get the information about what the existing computerization status of companies is ; what the feedback is from the existing ISO9000 certificated companies who have already installed software for their quality system ; and what kind of future software are required ; How the software provider can help .
3.1.3 Data quality
The surveys were addressed to the director and Quality Manager mainly so that the view of the person who was responsible for the quality system and its development could be ascertained. Overall , 51 valid replies were received ( 22.77%) which is considered to be a satisfactory basis on which to draw conclusions. Verification checks have been made through telephone and personal interview to ensure that the respondents are a representative cross-section of all Hong Kong certified companies using the above measures.
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3.2 Respondents demographics
Fig. 3.1 Respondents by company sizeFor the purposes of this study, "small" companies employ less than 50 people, "medium" companies employ between 50 and 99 people, and "large" companies employ 100 or more people . The distribution of respondents is shown as follows :-
Small companies / firms : 5
Medium companies : 16
Large companies : 30
It is not surprising there is only 10% of small companies among the respondents which shows the ISO9000 certification is not common for small firms in Hong Kong , although there are so many small firms here.
Company size
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3.2.2 Business nature
Fig. 3.2 Respondents by Business nature
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3.2.3 Type of ISO9000 Certificate
Fig. 3.3 Respondents by ISO 9000 Certificate type